10. tbl. 101. árg. 2015
Prevalence of sport injuries, sport participation and drop out due to injury in young adults
Algengi íþróttameiðsla, íþróttaþátttaka og brottfall vegna meiðsla hjá 17 og 23 ára ungmennum
Introduction: Sport participation has increased during the past few decades, with accompanying rise in sport injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sport injuries, and drop-out due to them along with possible risk factors (hours of sports participation, sex, age, aerobic fitness and body composition).
Material and methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional design was used and the 457 participants were 17 and 23 years old. Height, weight, body fat, lean soft tissue, bone mass, and aerobic fitness (W/kg) were measured. Participation in sports and physical training, and the prevalence of sport injuries and drop-out were estimated using questionnaires.
Results: Four hundred and forty participants (96%) had at some time point participated in organized sports, but 277 (63%) were no longer practicing, more commonly (p=0.058) among girls (67.6%) than boys (58.8%). Thirty-seven (8.4%) dropped-out due to sport injuries. Of those participating in organized sports for the past 12 months, 51% required medical assistance at least once because of sport injuries. Multiple regression analysis revealed 5-fold increased risk for requiring medical assistance among those practicing more than 6 hours per week compared to those who practiced 6 hours or less (OR = 5.30, 95% CI: 3.00 to 9.42).
Conclusion: Youth sport injuries are a significant problem that can cause drop-out from participation in sport. More research is needed to better understand the impact of risk factors in order to promote prevention and ensure evidence-based training.
Table I. Sample size, year of birth and participation in organized sports and physical training | |||||||
Sample (n) | % | Men (n) | % | Women (n) | % | p-value | |
Sample size | 457 | 242 | 53 | 215 | 47 | ||
Year of birth (age) | 0.629 | ||||||
1994 (17) | 256 | 56 | 133 | 55 | 123 | 57.2 | |
1988 (23) | 201 | 44 | 109 | 45 | 92 | 42.8 | |
Organized sports | 0.058 | ||||||
≥2 times/week | 163 | 37 | 96 | 41.2 | 67 | 32.4 | |
No longer practicing | 277 | 63 | 137 | 58.8 | 140 | 67.6 | |
Organized sports and/or physical training (hrs/week) |
0.001 | ||||||
≤ 6 | 275 | 66.3 | 132 | 59.2 | 143 | 74.5 | |
> 6 | 140 | 33.7 | 91 | 40.8 | 49 | 25.5 |
Table II. Time loss from organized sports and drop-out due to sport injury | ||||||
(n=440) | % | Men (n=234) | % | Women (n=206) | % | |
Never | 183 | 41.6 | 87 | 37.2 | 96 | 46.6 |
Less than one week | 60 | 13.6 | 41 | 17.5 | 19 | 9.2 |
1 - 3 weeks | 72 | 16.4 | 36 | 15.4 | 36 | 17.5 |
More than 3 weeks | 88 | 20 | 54 | 23.1 | 34 | 16.5 |
Drop-out due to injury | 37 | 8.4 | 16 | 6.8 | 21 | 10.2 |
Table III. Descriptive characteristics of subjects participating in organized sports and/or physical training | ||||||||||
Weekly exposure, hrs/week | ||||||||||
≤6 (n=275) | >6 hr (n=140) | |||||||||
(n) | Mean (SE) | (n) | Mean (SE) | p-value | ||||||
Women | ||||||||||
Height, cm | 143 | 167.0 (6.5) | 49 | 167.0 (5.6) | 0.913 | |||||
Weight, kg | 143 | 65.6 (11.8) | 49 | 63.8 (8.2) | 0.317 | |||||
BMI, kg/m² | 143 | 23.4 (3.9) | 49 | 22.9 (3.2) | 0.373 | |||||
Fat mass, kg | 115 | 21.9 (7.8) | 47 | 18.7 (5.2) | 0.01 | |||||
Fat mass, % | 115 | 33.1 (6.6) | 47 | 28.9 (5.3) | <0.001 | |||||
LST, kg | 115 | 40.4 (4.8) | 47 | 42.8 (4.6) | 0.005 | |||||
LST, % | 115 | 63.1 (6.5) | 47 | 67.2 (5.0) | <0.001 | |||||
Bone mass, kg | 115 | 2.4 (0.3) | 47 | 2.4 (0.3) | 0.168 | |||||
Bone mass, % | 115 | 3.7 (0.5) | 47 | 3.8 (0.4) | 0.075 | |||||
AF, (W/kg) | 112 | 2.3 (0.4) | 40 | 2.8 (0.4) | <0.001 | |||||
Men | ||||||||||
Height, cm | 132 | 181.0 (6.8) | 91 | 180.0 (6.2) | 0.27 | |||||
Weight, kg | 132 | 79.4 (19.9) | 91 | 76.1 (12.2) | 0.157 | |||||
BMI, kg/m² | 132 | 24.1 (5.5) | 91 | 23.4 (3.2) | 0.252 | |||||
Fat mass, kg | 110 | 18.8 (13.6) | 74 | 14.2 (6.9) | 0.008 | |||||
Fat mass, % | 110 | 22.0 (8.3) | 74 | 17.5 (5.9) | <0.001 | |||||
LST, kg | 110 | 57.5 (7.9) | 74 | 61.0 (7.2) | 0.003 | |||||
LST, % | 110 | 74.1 (8.1) | 74 | 78.6 (5.9) | <0.001 | |||||
Bone mass, kg | 110 | 3.0 (0.5) | 74 | 3.2 (0.5) | 0.003 | |||||
Bone mass, % | 110 | 3.9 (0.6) | 74 | 4.2 (0.4) | 0.002 | |||||
AF, (W/kg) | 113 | 3.0 (0.6) | 85 | 3.3 (0.5) | <0.001 | |||||
Abbreviations: SE, standard error of estimate; BMI, body mass index; LST, lean soft tissue; AF, aerobic fitness |
Table IV. Multivariate analysis of sport injury risk (MA) according to weekly exposure | ||||||||
n (%) | Model 1 | Model 2ᵃ | Model 3ᵇ | |||||
Hours of practice | No MA | MA | OR | 95% CI | ORᵃ | 95% CI | ORᵇ | 95% CI |
≤6 hours a week | 222 (81.6) | 50 (18.4) | 1 | Referent | 1 | Referent | 1 | Referent |
>6 hours a week | 63 (45.3) | 76 (54.7) | 5.36 | 3.40 - 8.43 | 4.13 | 2.46- 6.93 | 5.3 | 3.00 - 9.42 |
Abbreviations: MA, medical assistance the last 12 month; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio | ||||||||
ᵃ Adjustment was made for aerobic fitness | ||||||||
ᵇ Adjustment was made for aerobic fitness and fat mass percentage |